Abstract
The aim of this work was to prepare mucoadhesive buccal films for local release of Lactobacillus brevis CD2, which shows interesting anti-inflammatory properties due to its high levels of arginine deiminase. Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose-based films were prepared by means of a modified casting method, which allowed L. brevis CD2 loading on one side of the film, before its complete drying. Three batches of films were prepared, stored at +2–8 °C and +23–25 °C for 48 weeks and characterized in terms of physico-chemical and functional properties. For each batch, the L. brevis viable count and arginine deiminase activity were evaluated at different time points in order to assess functional property maintenance over time. Moreover, the mucoadhesive properties and ability of the films to release L. brevis CD2 were evaluated. A good survival of L. brevis CD2 was observed, particularly at the storage temperature of +2–8 °C, while the activity of arginine deiminase was maintained at both temperature values. Films showed good mucoadhesive properties and guaranteed a prolonged release of viable lactobacilli, which can be directed towards the whole buccal cavity or specific mucosa lesions. In conclusion, the proposed preparative method can be successfully employed for the production of buccal films able to release viable L. brevis CD2 cells that maintain the anti-inflammatory enzymatic activity.
Highlights
The oral cavity hosts a complex microbiota, of which dental plaque is the major physiological component
Dental caries is characterized by overproliferation of Streptococcus mutans [2,5]; while periodontal diseases, such as periodontitis, are associated with Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, which can colonize the subgingival sites, escape the host’s defense system and cause tissue damage [6,7]
Another important problem connected with the buccal cavity is oral mucositis, which can appear following chemotherapy and radiotherapy
Summary
The oral cavity hosts a complex microbiota, of which dental plaque is the major physiological component. Dental caries is characterized by overproliferation of Streptococcus mutans [2,5]; while periodontal diseases, such as periodontitis, are associated with Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, which can colonize the subgingival sites, escape the host’s defense system and cause tissue damage [6,7]. Another important problem connected with the buccal cavity is oral mucositis, which can appear following chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The pathogenesis of these diseases is not completely understood, several factors are believed to play an important role, including inflammatory cytokines [8,10], prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) [11], nitric oxide (NO) [12,13] and salivary immunoglobulin-A (IgA) [14]
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