Abstract
Abstract. Mixed-method bicultural research in Aotearoa New Zealand, including the weaving of Indigenous and other knowledge, is emerging within many academic disciplines. However, mātauranga Māori (the knowledge, culture, values, and world view of the Indigenous peoples of Aotearoa New Zealand) and Te Ao Māori (the Māori world) is poorly represented within geomorphological investigations. Here, we review international efforts to include Indigenous knowledge in geologic and geomorphic studies and provide an overview of the current state of mātauranga Māori within research endeavours in Aotearoa New Zealand. We review three theoretical frameworks (i.e. methodologies) for including mātauranga Māori in research projects and three models (i.e. methods) for including Māori values within research. We identify direct benefits to geomorphology and discuss how these frameworks and models can be adapted for use with Indigenous knowledge systems outside of Aotearoa New Zealand. The aim of this review is to encourage geomorphologists around the world to engage with local Indigenous peoples to develop new approaches to geomorphic research. In Aotearoa New Zealand, we hope to inspire geomorphologists to embark on research journeys in genuine partnership with Māori that promote toitū te mātauranga – the enduring protection, promotion and respect of mātauranga Māori.
Highlights
Earth scientists are increasingly recognising the benefits of conducting mixed-methods bicultural research (e.g. Townsend et al, 2004; Tipa, 2009; Harmsworth et al, 2011; Crow et al, 2018; Hikuroa et al, 2018)
This review focuses on recent efforts to include matauranga Maori (Maori Indigenous knowledge, culture, values, and world view) alongside geomorphology in research conducted within Aotearoa New Zealand ( Aotearoa–NZ)
Keeping in mind that matauranga and values cannot always be separated, we introduce three models for including Maori values within science conducted according to Western practices and highlight how each model could be used in geomorphic research
Summary
Earth scientists are increasingly recognising the benefits of conducting mixed-methods bicultural research (e.g. Townsend et al, 2004; Tipa, 2009; Harmsworth et al, 2011; Crow et al, 2018; Hikuroa et al, 2018). Legal and constitutional initiatives that build upon UNDRIP policies and establish the rights of nature – the recognition that nature has legal rights (Cano Pecharroman, 2018) – have occurred in Bolivia, India, New Zealand, Australia, the United States, and Ecuador (Boyd, 2017; Brierley et al, 2018; Kauffman and Martin, 2018; O’Donnell and Talbot-Jones, 2018) Though these advances and recognitions are most prevalent in the policy sphere, they are transferrable to scientific research and have, in a few cases, acted as guidelines for culturally responsible and respectful research at the interface of Indigenous knowledge and Western science. This review focuses on recent efforts to include matauranga Maori (Maori Indigenous knowledge, culture, values, and world view) alongside geomorphology in research conducted within Aotearoa New Zealand ( Aotearoa–NZ). Most work that explicitly incorporates Indigenous knowledge and values alongside geomorphic research has been conducted in Aotearoa–NZ and is the focus of the remainder of this review
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