Abstract
Estimation of fault classification and location in a multi-terminal high voltage direct current (MT–HVdc) transmission system is a challenging problem and is considered to be a fundamental maneuver of dc grid protection. This research paper critically reviews traveling and non-travelling wave methods of classification and location of dc faults in multi-terminal HVdc transmission systems. Detailed mathematical analysis of MT–HVdc systems composed of high grounding resistance, cable and overhead line segments, and bipolar coupled transmission network under healthy and faulty conditions, are evaluated. The gravity of this research paper addresses benefits and shortcomings of traveling and non-traveling wave methods and futuristic techniques of fault classification and location.
Highlights
Recent trends/researches show that a multi-terminal high voltage direct current (MT–High-Voltage Direct Current (HVdc)) system is an emerging and encouraging option to meet the growing demands of future transmission networks
Different dc fault location estimation methods in Multi-Terminal High-Voltage Direct Current (MT–HVdc) systems are discussed in the subsequent sections, for different configurations, based on the parameters of traveling waves
In case of mono-polar faults in MT–HVdc system, harmonics are eliminated by 0-mode currents. 1mode components are used for bipolar faults
Summary
Recent trends/researches show that a multi-terminal high voltage direct current (MT–HVdc) system is an emerging and encouraging option to meet the growing demands of future transmission networks. In the event of dc fault on transmission line, transients of high frequency voltage and current waves are generated which tend to circulate between TL ends and fault point. Required accuracy of results for detection of arrival time of wavefront is obtained by a high signal sampling rate, achieved through methods of digital signal processing and this is limitation of traveling wave method This issue can be addressed through the latest transducer technology [53,62]. Different dc fault location estimation methods in MT–HVdc systems are discussed in the subsequent sections, for different configurations, based on the parameters of traveling waves. The traveling wave-based fault location identification technique is affected by the high grounding resistance of transmission lines because of abrupt and evolutionary changes in the voltage samples [50]. An S transform is applied to analyze time frequency domain of long sample to achieve A(t, f )
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