基于MSPA分析的福建省生态网络构建

Abstract

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 基于MSPA分析的福建省生态网络构建 DOI: 10.5846/stxb202107101863 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（31971639）；福建省自然科学基金项目（2019J01406） Construction of ecological network in Fujian Province based on Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:快速城镇化进程导致森林景观破碎化、连通性下降，严重威胁区域可持续发展、生物多样性保护和生态服务能力的维持。生态网络构建是提高景观连接度，维持物种扩散过程，保护生物多样性的有效手段。以福建省为例，借助形态学空间格局分析（MSPA）探讨2000、2010和2020年的森林景观结构动态变化，并在利用组分数（NC）与整体连通性指数（IIC）确定适宜距离阈值的基础上，根据可能连通性指数（PC）筛选生态源地；从人-地关系角度选择路网分布、建设用地分布、土地覆盖类型、坡度四种评价因子构建阻力面，采用最小阻力模型（MCR）提取生态廊道形成初步生态网络，进一步计算PC指数对生态廊道进行重要性分级；最后基于图论法，利用闭合度α、线点率β、网络连接度γ对所构建的生态网络进行定量评价。结果表明：（1）近20年来福建省森林景观结构较为稳定，其中核心区占比高达76.27%，但仍存在一定程度的破碎化趋势；（2）根据NC与IIC的计算结果，以500m为合适的距离阈值计算了PC，据此识别出15处生态源地，多位于闽西及闽北地区；（3）采用MCR模型提取了105条生态廊道，其中重要生态廊道27条，分布均匀且连通四方；（4）生态廊道穿过的土地利用类型中受人类干扰小的林草地占比超过85%，耕地占比12.33%，受人类干扰强烈的建设用地及未利用土地占比不足1%；（5）识别出生态节点62个，生态网络结构指数α=0.37，β=1.69，γ=0.58，表明网络结构较为合理，连通性较好。研究结果可从整体角度出发指导福建省生态安全格局构建，以期为土地资源有限背景下，省域尺度复合种群保护工作提供科学依据。 Abstract:The rapid urbanization process has led to the fragmentation and the declining in the connectivity of forest landscapes, which seriously threatened the sustainable development of regions, including the maintenance of biodiversity and ecological service. The construction of ecological network is an effective means to improve the connectivity of landscape, maintain the spread of species, and thus protect biodiversity. Taking Fujian Province as a case, the Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis (MSPA) was employed to explore the dynamic changes of forest landscape structure in 2000, 2010 and 2020. Then, the appropriate distance threshold of patch connectivity was determined according to the number of components (NC) and the integral index of connectivity (IIC). On this basis, the probability connectivity index (PC) was calculated to identify the ecological sources. Then, from the perspective of human-land relationship, the factors including the distance from road network, distance from construction land, land cover type, and slope, were selected to construct the comprehensive resistance surface, which reflects the degree of obstruction for the species travelling between the ecological sources (i.e., core forest patches). To this end, the minimum cumulative resistance (MCR) model was adopted to extract the preliminary ecological corridors, which was ranked and filtered subsequently by the PC values. Finally, based on the graph theory method, the quantitative evaluation of the ecological network α, β, and γ index were carried out. The results show that:(1) the forest landscape structure in Fujian Province has been relatively stable in the past 20 years, of which the core area accounted for 76.27% of the total landscape area, but it still tended to fragmentation to a certain degree; (2) According to the results of NC and IIC, the PC value was calculated with a distance threshold of 500 meters, and 15 ecological sources were identified, which were mostly in the western and northern regions of Fujian; (3) 105 ecological corridors were extracted by MCR model, of which 27 were important corridors, which were evenly distributed and extended in all directions across the study area; (4) The ecological corridors and land use were superimposed to obtain the proportion of the corridors passing through each landscape type, of which the forests and grasslands less disturbed by humans accounted for more than 85%, the cultivated land accounted for 12%, while the construction land and unused land strongly disturbed by humans accounted for less than 1%; (5) Totally, 62 ecological nodes were identified, and the ecological network structure index α, β and γ were 0.37, 1.69 and 0.58, respectively, indicating that the reasonability of the network structure and the goodness in the network connectivity. The results can shed a light on the construction of the ecological security pattern in Fujian Province from a holistic perspective, and provide a scientific basis for biodiversity conservation at the provincial scale with the limited land resources. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献