MSEBased Multiplex Protein Analysis Quantified Important Allergenic Proteins and Detected Relevant Peptides Carrying Known Epitopes in Wheat Grain Extracts

Abstract

The amount of clinically relevant, allergy-related proteins in wheat grain is still largely unknown. The application of proteomics may create a platform not only for identification and characterization, but also for quantitation of these proteins. The aim of this study was to evaluate the data-independent quantitative mass spectrometry (MS(E)) approach in combination with 76 wheat allergenic sequences downloaded from the AllergenOnline database ( www.allergenonline.org ) as a starting point. Alcohol soluble extracts of gliadin and glutenin proteins were analyzed. This approach has resulted in identification and quantification of 15 allergenic protein isoforms that belong to amylase/trypsin inhibitors, γ-gliadins, and high or low molecular weight glutenins. Additionally, several peptides carrying four previously discovered epitopes of γ-gliadin B precursor have been detected. These data were validated against the UniProt database, which contained 11764 Triticeae protein sequences. The identified allergens are discussed in relation to Baker's asthma, food allergy, wheat dependent exercise induced anaphylaxis, atopic dermatitis, and celiac disease (i.e., gluten-sensitive enteropathy). In summary, the results showed that the MS(E) approach is suitable for quantitative analysis and allergens profiling in wheat varieties and/or other food matrices.