MRI-Conditional Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices: What’s New and What Can We Expect in the Future?

Abstract

The use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a diagnostic technique is rapidly expanding. The number of patients who undergo implantation of permanent pacemaker, implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD), and/or cardiac resynchronization therapy devices is increasing in parallel. Cardiovascular implants are subject to potentially harmful effects from MRI, and the routine use of this imaging modality for patients with standard cardiovascular devices is contraindicated. Several recent publications have suggested that MRI can safely be performed in standard cardiovascular device recipients with appropriate patient selection, device programming, and strict monitoring. In addition, MRI "conditional" device systems are now available that are specifically designed to be safe in the MRI environment. Such new technologies may simplify and improve overall safety of MRI in the setting of pacemaker and ICD systems. Although the availability of MRI conditional devices represents a significant breakthrough, their current use is limited to specific MRI conditions. MRI conditional cardiac device technology will likely continue to evolve with increased efforts to improve simplicity, safety, and generalizability under all MRI conditions.