Abstract
Due to the intrinsic intermittent nature of renewable energy source, their utility in a microgrid can be enhanced by adding an energy storage system (ESS). Using a lookup table type MPC (Model Predictive Control), this study presents an optimal charging and discharging algorithm for the ESS which consists of multiple energy storage unit (ESU). The algorithm is designed to enable the integration of renewable energy and an ESS to dispatch scheduled power while performing SoC (State of Charge) balancing for each ESU as well as satisfying the constraints on SoC and current limits in power converters. Simulation and experimental results using ultra-capacitors as ESUs in a DC microgrid are presented here to show the effectiveness of the proposed charging and discharging algorithm.
Highlights
Independent power generation systems with renewable energy sources are favorable on islands or in mountainous regions
This paper focuses on the design and development of an optimal controller for energy management with an energy storage system (ESS) comprised of multiple energy storage unit (ESU)
MAIN RESULT The proposed method is designed in the form of a cascaded scheme where the PI controller shown in Figure 2 refers to the inner-loop that controls the inductor current In
Summary
Independent power generation systems with renewable energy sources are favorable on islands or in mountainous regions. An MPC based energy management controller is devised, which fulfills all the aforementioned requirements on top of output management To this end, in the first stage, a one-step MPC problem is formulated in which the decision variable is the total amount of necessary power from the ESS. The optimum, total amount of power to be provided from the ESS, which was found in the first stage, is optimally allocated to each ESU such that SoC balancing of all the ESUs, the SoC constraints of each ESU, and the current limit in the power converter are satisfied For this purpose, another one-step MPC problem is formulated in which the decision variable is the charging or discharging of power from each ESU, and the constraints are considered again as inequality constraints.
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