MP34-10 DOES 3D TECHNOLOGY AFFECT VISUAL SYSTEM ?

Abstract

You have accessJournal of UrologySurgical Technology & Simulation: Instrumentation & Technology III1 Apr 2016MP34-10 DOES 3D TECHNOLOGY AFFECT VISUAL SYSTEM ? ANDREA TASCA, GIUSEPPE BENEDETTO, FILIPPO NIGRO, LUIGI BARTOLOMEI, NADIA MINICUCCI, and SABINO PISANI ANDREA TASCAANDREA TASCA More articles by this author , GIUSEPPE BENEDETTOGIUSEPPE BENEDETTO More articles by this author , FILIPPO NIGROFILIPPO NIGRO More articles by this author , LUIGI BARTOLOMEILUIGI BARTOLOMEI More articles by this author , NADIA MINICUCCINADIA MINICUCCI More articles by this author , and SABINO PISANISABINO PISANI More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2016.02.1568AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES 3 D technology has been extensively used in the last years during laparoscopic and robotic surgery. The polarized lenses required to obtain adequate images during the procedures can induce visual fatigue and headache. These phenomena anecdotally reported by surgeons have not been adequately investigated until now and pertinent bibliographic reports are poor. The aim of our study was to document and characterize possible abnormalities in visual perception after 3 D compared to 2 D laparoscopy. METHODS The members of three different surgical teams, each including two surgeons and one scrub nurse, were individually studied in the last six months. Each team member has been tested before and after 2 D and 3 D laparoscopic procedures (3+3, respectively for each team) lasting from about 150 to 240 min. The employed techniques (radical and partial nephrectomy, radical prostatectomy, dismembered pyeloplasty and living donor nephrectomy) were homogeneously distributed among the 2 groups. Before and after every surgery, the components underwent a standard optical test including visual field evaluation, visual evoked potentials and optometric tests. The last included Gabor, Random Dot, stereo circles, fixation disparity, optotype stereo and phoria-T. The results obtained for each component were recorded for the 2 visual systems and statistically analyzed using Wicoxon signed rank and Mc Nemar tests as appropriate. RESULTS No differences between pre and post standard visual tests were evident for any of the surgical teams’ components referred to both 2 D and 3 D systems. The same results were obtained for the neuro-sensitive tests. At the optometric evaluation a significant alteration of pre vs post random dot test was found only in the contest of 3 D procedures (32.5+/- 4.6 vs 45.0+/-7.5; p<0.05). After qualitative analysis a significant alteration was documented after 3D vs 2 D procedures for fixation disparity (75% vs 37.5%; p<0.05) and phoria-T test (37,5% vs 12.5%; p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that 3 D system induces an overall damage of visual function evident at the optometric evaluation. This damage does not involve ocular function or optical nerve but rather the stream nerve fibres that travel from the occipital cortex to the posterior parietal area (magno system) and to temporal lobe (parvo system). These fibers are responsible of stereoptic function which represents the cognitive elaboration of visual signal by brain cortex. © 2016FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 195Issue 4SApril 2016Page: e474-e475 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016MetricsAuthor Information ANDREA TASCA More articles by this author GIUSEPPE BENEDETTO More articles by this author FILIPPO NIGRO More articles by this author LUIGI BARTOLOMEI More articles by this author NADIA MINICUCCI More articles by this author SABINO PISANI More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...