Abstract
There are 3 major advantages of hand-assisted laparoscopic radical nephrectomy(HALRN). The first one is to get a tactile sensation of renal and perirenal spaces including internal organs with 3 dimensional perception. The second one is to get a cancer control with pathologic specimen. The third one is to improve the quality of life including reducing pain and skin incision. The aims of this study are to present the clinical outcomes of 100 patients who underwent HALRN and to evaluate the efficiency of HALRN.
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