Moxifloxacin and Sulfamethoxazole-Based Nanocarriers Exhibit Potent Antibacterial Activities.

Noor Akbar,Jasra Gul,Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui,Naveed Ahmed Khan,Muhammad Raza Shah

doi:10.3390/antibiotics10080964

Abstract

Antibiotic resistance is a major concern given the rapid emergence of multiple-drug-resistant bacteria compared to the discovery of novel antibacterials. An alternative strategy is enhancing the existing available drugs. Nanomedicine has emerged as an exciting area of research, showing promise in the enhanced development of existing antimicrobials. Herein, we synthesized nanocarriers and loaded these with available clinically approved drugs, namely Moxifloxacin and Sulfamethoxazole. Bactericidal activity against Gram-negative (Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Salmonella enterica) and Gram-positive (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Bacillus cereus) bacteria was investigated. To characterize the nanocarriers and their drug-loaded forms, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and atomic force microscopy were utilized. Antibacterial assays and hemolysis assays were carried out. Moreover, lactate dehydrogenase assays were performed to determine cytotoxicity against human cells. The results depicted the successful formation of drug–nanocarrier complexes. The potent antibacterial activities of the drug-loaded nanocarriers were observed and were significantly enhanced in comparison to the drugs alone. Hemolysis and cytotoxicity assays revealed minimal or negligible cytotoxic effects against human red blood cells and human cells. Overall, metronidazole-based nanocarriers loaded with Moxifloxacin and Sulfamethoxazole showed enhanced bactericidal effects against multiple-drug-resistant bacteria compared with drugs alone, without affecting human cells. Our findings show that drug-loaded nanocarriers hold promise as potent chemotherapeutic drugs against multiple-drug-resistant bacteria.

Highlights

Introduction iationsThe dramatic rise in antibiotic resistance demands the discovery of novel antibacterial agents [1]
This is due to the misuse of antibiotics, which has resulted in the rise of multiple-drug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, which is a growing concern [2,3]
The drug alone and drug-loaded nanocarriers were evaluated against GramSimilarly, the drug alone and drug-loaded nanocarriers were evaluated against Gramnegative clinical isolates; the results revealed that the loading of drug in nanocarriers signifinegative clinical isolates; the results revealed that the loading of drug in nanocarriers significantly augmented bactericidal efficacy against P. aeruginosa (p < 0.05) (Figure 6a)

Summary

Introduction

The dramatic rise in antibiotic resistance demands the discovery of novel antibacterial agents [1]. In part, this is due to the misuse of antibiotics, which has resulted in the rise of multiple-drug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, which is a growing concern [2,3]. This is due to the misuse of antibiotics, which has resulted in the rise of multiple-drug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, which is a growing concern [2,3] Resistant bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are some examples. There is an urgent need to discover innovative antimicrobial compounds for the treatment of human and animal diseases due to resistant bacteria.

Methods

Discussion

Conclusion