Abstract
An ideal vaccine provides long lasting protection against a pathogen by eliciting a well-rounded immune response which engages both innate and adaptive immunity. However, we have a limited understanding of how components of innate immunity, antibody and cell-mediated adaptive immunity interact and function together at a systems level. With advances in high-throughput ‘Omics’ methodologies it has become possible to capture global changes in the host, at a cellular and molecular level, that are induced by vaccination and infection. Analysis of these datasets has shown the promise of discovering mechanisms behind vaccine mediated protection, immunological memory, adverse effects as well as development of more efficient antigens and adjuvants. In this review, we will discuss how systems vaccinology takes advantage of new technology platforms and big data analysis, to enable the rational development of better vaccines.
Highlights
Vaccines are one of the greatest breakthroughs in the field of Medicine and have saved and improved human lives on a tremendous scale across the globe
Systems vaccinology is an emerging subdiscipline of systems biology, which aims to reconstruct a comprehensive view at the organism level, of the dynamic responses to vaccines through measurement of a multitude of Omics data types sampled in parallel
Integration in Omics approaches, such as protein microarrays to map the reactivity of antibodies and T cells to of these diverse systems level datasets using computational tools and mathematical models allows antigens, availability of various databases related to host–pathogen protein–protein interactions, tools prediction of markers of protection or adverse reactions to vaccines, development of improved for structural analyses and computational capabilities for theoretical predictions have tremendously vaccine antigens and adjuvants
Summary
Vaccines are one of the greatest breakthroughs in the field of Medicine and have saved and improved human lives on a tremendous scale across the globe. The immune response to vaccines is highly complex, multifactorial and greater than the sum of the parts It involves multi-level interaction networks, linking intra-cellular biochemical signaling pathways, inter-cellular communication and inter-organ cellular trafficking through space and time. Systems vaccinology is an emerging subdiscipline of systems biology, which aims to reconstruct a comprehensive view at the organism level, of the dynamic responses to vaccines through measurement of a multitude of Omics data types sampled in parallel. It requires the testing and validation of novel. Transition from empirical towards rational vaccine design, especially in the context of viral pathogens
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