Moving away from transhumance: The case of Gaddis

Abstract

Transhumance that involves seasonal migration of humans along with their livestock is a means of livelihood and resource management for the Gaddi community of the Himalaya. They have been following it for centuries but now the practice is fast declining. We, therefore, documented the current movement patterns of Gaddis’ and the associated emerging factors that are leading to a decline in transhumance. This was done through semi-structured questionnaire recordings with the Gaddis (n = 39) in the Bharmour region which is believed to be their origin place. We find that while Gaddis still follow transhumance, a disinterest towards the profession is evident that is reflected in the declining number of livestock holding and movement permits. The study reveals theft of livestock enroute (∼85%) and fodder scarcity (∼72%) as the major limiting factors. The need of education (∼49%) for children also encourages Gaddis to give up transhumance. During their movement, the Gaddis reported use of 96 plant species for fuelwood, fodder, and medicinal purposes. Thus, loss of transhumance will not only impact the age old tradition but also the associated knowledge. It is time when policies in favor of these herders are devised and implemented such that their sustainable development is ensured.