Abstract
Three aspects of European societies are analysed in this article: the very low level of labour mobility within European Union (EU) Member States (MS), the high level of external immigration, and the disparate and sometimes extremely high rates of unemployment, especially in MS with an extremely low level of mobility and high levels of immigration. Intra-EU mobility is six times lower than in the US, and is mainly from Eastern MS. Non-EU immigration is higher than in the US, coming from the Southern Mediterranean, Latin America, the Middle East, Asia, and Africa, and is concentrated in the North Mediterranean EU MS. It is precisely the MS of this area of the euro zone that are receiving workers from several foreign countries, as well as from the EU, and this area has low employment rates, and high or very high unemployment rates.
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