Abstract
Physical activity, screen use, and sleep are behaviors that integrate across the whole day. However, the accumulative influence of meeting recommendations for these 24-h movement behaviors on the mental health of Alaskan adolescents has not been examined. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between movement behaviors, loneliness, and sadness within Alaskan adolescents. Data were obtained from the 2019 Alaska Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS). The number of adolescents participating in the 2019 Alaska YRBS was 1897. Associations between meeting recommendations for movement behaviors with loneliness and sadness were examined using weighted logistic regression models, adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and body mass index (BMI). Approximately 5.0% of the sample met recommendations for all three movement behaviors. Meeting 2 or 3 movement behavior recommendations was associated with lower odds of loneliness (odds ratio (OR) range = 0.23 to 0.44, p < 0.01). Additionally, meeting 1 to 3 movement behavior recommendations was associated with lower odds of sadness (OR range = 0.29 to 0.52, p < 0.05). Joint association analyses determined that these relationships were primarily driven by meeting the sleep recommendation for loneliness and meeting the screen use recommendation for sadness. The results support use of multiple movement-based behavior programming to attenuate feelings of loneliness and sadness within Alaskan adolescents.
Highlights
The analysis of 24-hour movement behaviors has recently shown that physical activity, sedentary behaviors, and sleep are associated with a number of health outcomes within the pediatric population [1,2,3,4]
Within the adjusted models, sleeping for at least 8 h per school night was significantly associated with lower odds of perceived loneliness (OR = 0.43, 95% confidence intervals (CIs): 0.24–0.75, p = 0.004) and lower odds of prolonged sadness (OR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.33–0.70, p < 0.001)
The results indicated that school-night sleep duration was the only single movement behavior that was significantly associated with perceived loneliness and prolonged sadness
Summary
The analysis of 24-hour movement behaviors has recently shown that physical activity, sedentary behaviors, and sleep are associated with a number of health outcomes within the pediatric population [1,2,3,4]. The 24-hour movement behavior recommendations are relevant to the pediatric population regardless of sex, race/ethnicity, or socioeconomic status [1,2]. Because many populations of youth do not meet recommendations for these movement behaviors [1,2], the examination of these behaviors concurrently using various analytic approaches is of importance to yield new information that can be applied within school- and community-based settings. Novel analytic approaches such as compositional data analysis have shown that the 24-hour composition of movement behaviors correlate with cardiometabolic risk, health-related fitness, weight status, and academic performance outcomes [5,6,7,8]. The relationships between the additive influences of movement behaviors on mental health outcomes is not as well researched [2]
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