Move to Smart Learning Environment: Exploratory Research of Challenges in Computer Laboratory and Design Intelligent Virtual Laboratory for eLearning Technology

Saima Munawar,Muhammad Hamid,Muhammad Aslam,Saba Khalil Toor

doi:10.29333/ejmste/85036

Abstract

The university’s computer laboratory is currently one of the most challenging aspects when imparting practical tasks with regards to the education technology (ET) enhancement. This study intends to observe the issues confronted by students while performing tasks in the laboratory in different educational modes. The online survey is conducted using quantitative and qualitative research instruments to evaluate the students’ perspectives. This exploratory work has emphasized the practical issues such as an insufficient time constraint, and instruments, geographical needs, financial concerns, and unavailability of subject specialists to cater for relevant issues about a particular course. The sample size was (N= 161) drawn from a stratified sampling method for analysis of four strata. This research addresses these problems in the laboratory with an aim to improve the student’s practical skills as well as their investigation-based learning. It is needed for practical based courses, through experimentation with the help of artificial intelligence (AI) paradigms. The design science methodology is adopted, it presents the conception of an Intelligent Virtual Laboratory (IVL) based on pedagogical agent-based cognitive architecture (PACA). This IVL provides the level of excellence of laboratory needs by enhancing the ET which students can efficiently perform practical tasks online at anywhere. The results showed that IVL has a significant model for enhancing the learning to students and recommendations for further research implementation.

Highlights

Multiple virtual laboratories have been existing through different approaches, and it is motivated that the virtual laboratory (VL) is one of the demanding aspects of spreading learning resources and practical activities of the online education system (Potkonjak et al, 2016; Stark, Bistak, Kozak, & Kucera, 2017)
The design science methodology is adopted, it presents the conception of an Intelligent Virtual Laboratory (IVL) based on pedagogical agent-based cognitive architecture (PACA)
This paper presents proposed pedagogical agent based cognitive architecture (PACA) which is constructed based on the unified theory of cognition for designing Intelligent virtual laboratory

Summary

Introduction

Multiple virtual laboratories have been existing through different approaches, and it is motivated that the virtual laboratory (VL) is one of the demanding aspects of spreading learning resources and practical activities of the online education system (Potkonjak et al, 2016; Stark, Bistak, Kozak, & Kucera, 2017). Cognitive architecture (CA) has been designed for accessing different sources of cognition from the theory of intellect, and its behaviour has been summarized through cognitive psychology. Cognitive psychology deals with the processes, retrieval, and warehousing of human knowledge mind structure. The behaviour of different modules of mind has been implemented in a computer model for building agent behaviour and structure (Langley, Laird, & Rogers, 2009). CA supported the active agent’s behaviour from the accessibility of knowledge acquisition such as SOAR (Lehman, Laird, & Rosenbloom, 2006), ACT R (Anderson, 2005), BICA (Samsonovich, 2012), IDA, and LIDA (Franklin & Ferkin, 2006) architecture

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