Abstract
Background: Tagetes lucida Cav (T. lucida) is an herbaceous plant from the family Asteraceae, native to Mexico, Guatemala, and other Mesoamerican countries. Their common names are: (i) Spanish names: “hierbanís”, “jericón”, “pericón vomol”, “Santa María”, “cuchrucumín”, “falso hipericón”, “hierba añil”, “pericón”, “periquillo”; (ii) indigenous names: “ichka”, “cuahuyauhtli”, “yahuhtli”, “naná uarhi”, and (iii) English names: “sweet-scented marigold”, “sweet mace”, and “sweet marigold”., Its chemical composition of coumarins, estragole, quercetin, and flavonoids has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial effects. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a mouthwash made with T. lucida for control of chronic periodontitis (CP) in older adults. Methods: We carried out a quasi-experimental study with a convenience sample of 60 older adults with CP. The sample was divided into a placebo group (PG) n = 30, administered with a mouthwash made with alcohol diluted with purified water (10%), and the experimental group (EG) n = 30 treated with a mouthwash made with T. lucida extract in 10% alcohol; both groups were administered three times a day for three months. Results: We found a significant improvement in the EG group compared with the PG group in: probing pocket depth (baseline, 5.2 ± 0.81 vs. post-treatment, 3.1 ± 0.43, p < 0.05), the clinical attachment loss (baseline, 6.6 ± 1.9 vs. post-treatment, 2.1 ± 1.5, p < 0.05), lipoperoxides (baseline, 0.056 ± 0.03 vs. post-treatment, 0.034 ± 0.02 µmol/L, p < 0.05), and chronic inflammation markers (IL-1, IL-8, and TNF-α) (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that mouthwash made with T. lucida extract, administered three times a day, clinically improved chronic periodontitis in older adults, associated to a significant decrease in lipoperoxides and proinflammatory markers.
Highlights
Chronic periodontitis (CP) is a multifactorial disease, which is associated with the activation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes
The sample was divided into a placebo group (PG) n = 30, administered with a mouthwash made with alcohol diluted with purified water (10%), and the experimental group (EG) n = 30 treated with a mouthwash made with T. lucida extract in 10% alcohol; both groups were administered three times a day for three months
We found a significant improvement in the EG group compared with the PG group in: probing pocket depth, the clinical attachment loss, lipoperoxides, and chronic inflammation markers (IL-1, interleukin 8 (IL-8), and TNF-α) (p < 0.05)
Summary
Chronic periodontitis (CP) is a multifactorial disease, which is associated with the activation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes It generates a high concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a decrease in the antioxidant system, which causes oxidative stress in the periodontal tissue [1,2,3,4]. CP has a high prevalence and incidence in the world; in Mexico it occurs in more than 70% of the older adult population (≥60 years) [5,6] If this biochemical disorder is maintained, the epithelial adhesion is destroyed and the alveolar crest loses its height, which translates clinically into dental mobility and formation of periodontal pockets, causing the accumulation of bacteria that increases the inflammation, destroying the periodontal ligament, and the alveolar bone atrophies, and the tooth is lost. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that mouthwash made with T. lucida extract, administered three times a day, clinically improved chronic periodontitis in older adults, associated to a significant decrease in lipoperoxides and proinflammatory markers
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