Mouse blastocysts hatch in vitro by using a trypsin-like proteinase associated with cells of mural trophectoderm

Abstract

The mammalian blastocyst must hatch from its extracellular coat, or zona pellucida, to implant in the uterus and continue development normally. Results of experiments described here strongly suggest that a proteinase (74K M r), called “strypsin,” is directly involved in hatching of isolated mouse blastocysts in vitro. Strypsin is a trypsin-like proteinase, based on its substrate specificity and sensitivity to inhibitors, that is present in mouse blastocysts and exhibits certain properties characteristic of membrane-associated enzymes. Histochemical and autoradiographic evidence suggests that, prior to hatching of blastocysts, strypsin is found with cells of mural trophectoderm; not with polar trophectoderm or inner cell mass. Following hatching, strypsin is also found associated with empty zonae pellucidae, specifically at the opening through which the embryo emerged. These and other observations suggest that hatching of mouse blastocysts in vitro is initiated by limited proteolysis of the region of zona pellucida overlying mural trophectoderm.