Abstract

We test and explore a Modified Universe Dynamics (MOUND) formula recently proposed by the author. We show that, similarly to Milgrom’s Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND), it is successful in accounting for the mass discrepancy in spiral galaxies, and it predicts the Baryonic Tully-Fisher Relation (BTFR) and the Radial Acceleration Relation (RAR). Contrary to Milgrom’s MOND, MOUND also explains the dynamics of galaxy clusters and does not rely on an empirical interpolating function or an ad hoc acceleration parameter.

Highlights

  • Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) is a modification of Newtonian gravity first suggested by Milgrom [1] as an alternative to dark matter to account for the mass discrepancy in spiral galaxies

  • We test and explore a Modified Universe Dynamics (MOUND) formula recently proposed by the author

  • To Milgrom’s Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND), it is successful in accounting for the mass discrepancy in spiral galaxies, and it predicts the Baryonic Tully-Fisher Relation (BTFR) and the Radial Acceleration Relation (RAR)

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Summary

Introduction

Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) is a modification of Newtonian gravity first suggested by Milgrom [1] as an alternative to dark matter to account for the mass discrepancy in spiral galaxies. Notably successful in explaining rotation curves and kinematics of galaxies [1] [2], it falls short on galaxy clusters because additional undetected matter is still required [3] [4] [5]. In the MOUND approach, the Universe gravitational acceleration gu = 3.4365×10−10 m ⋅ s−2 couples with Newtonian acceleration, and Newtonian dynamics are preserved. The consequences of this coupling become apparent on large scales, when Newtonian acceleration is of the same magnitude as the Universe gravitational acceleration. We show that MOUND explains the dynamics of galaxies and those of galaxy groups and clusters. We demonstrate that it predicts the Radial Acceleration Relation (RAR) [9]

The MOUND Formula
Fits to Galaxies Curves
Galaxy Groups and Clusters
The Classic Newtonian formula
Conclusion

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