Moult migrant Tennessee Warblers undergo extensive stopover in peri-urban forests of southern Quebec

Abstract

Stopovers are the most energy- and time-consuming events during avian migration, yet individuals of certain species make long stopovers to moult (“moult migration”). Requiring abundant energy and a prolonged stay, moult migrants should occupy small stopover home ranges in resource-rich habitats. Understanding migrant behaviour at their stopovers is critical for implementing conservation efforts for declining Neotropical passerines. To examine the stopover timing and habitat use of one such moult migrating passerine, we radio-tagged 18 moulting and 4 post-moult Tennessee Warblers ( Leiothlypis peregrina (A. Wilson, 1811)) at an autumn stopover site. Although our data were biased towards one sampling year, moult migrants generally arrived at the stopover site earlier (average = 2 August) than post-moult migrants (average = 12 September). Moult migrants also stayed longer (46 ± 5 days) than post-moult migrants (8 ± 6 days) and had large overlapping stopover home ranges (∼15 ha) that were dependent on high abundance of forest (%) and forest edge (m). We conclude that Tennessee Warblers occupied forested stopover sites within a peri-urban landscape where they successfully moulted before continuing migration. This study illustrates the importance of including stopover sites in conservation plans, particularly in cities where quality habitats are scarce.