Motorlu testere ile odun hammaddesi üretim çalışmalarının verim ve kalan ağaç zararı açısından incelenmesi: Bahçe Orman İşletme Şefliği örneği

Abstract

Investigation of timber harvesting operations using chainsaw considering productivity and residual stand damage: The case of Bahce Forest Enterprise Chief Abstract: Timber harvesting activities are often performed in difficult conditions caused by the mountainous terrain conditions in Turkey. One of the most difficult and dangerous stages of the timber harvesting activities are felling, delimbing, and bucking stages. In some of the European countries with intensive forestry activities, felling, delimbing and bucking stages of timber harvesting are performed with harvesting machines (i.e. harvester, feller-buncher) while these processes are mostly performed with chainsaw in Turkey. The chainsaw operations which are not properly planned and implemented may results in considerable amount of time and productivity losses and environmental damages. At the same time, the risk of work accidents increases during the felling activities. Thus, it is very important to investigate productivity and residual stand damage of chainsaw operations. In this study, harvesting activities using chainsaw were evaluated in terms of productivity and environmental aspects. The field studies were conducted in Brutian Pine stands within Bahce Forest Enterprise Chief of Osmaniye Forest Enterprise Directorate, located in Adana Forest Regional Directorate. Average productivity and timber volume were calculated as 4.06 m3/hr and 0.30 m3, respectively, and productivity increased as the amount of timber production increased. The results indicated that total number of injured trees as a result of felling operation was 43 in which 13 injuries were on live wood while 30 injuries were on tree barks. It was found that sapwood and bark injuries occurred at the top of the trees during felling activities due to tree hang ups. Keywords: Felling, delimbing, bucking, chainsaw, productivity, residual stand damage Motorlu testere ile odun hammaddesi uretim calismalarinin verim ve kalan agac zarari acisindan incelenmesi: Bahce Orman Isletme Sefligi ornegi Ozet: Ulkemizde odun hammaddesi uretim calismalari cogunlukla daglik arazi kosullarindan kaynaklanan zor sartlarda gerceklesmektedir. Odun hammaddesi uretim calismalarinin en guc ve tehlikeli asamalarindan birini kesme, dal alma ve boylama asamalari olusturmaktadir. Ormanciligin yogun olarak gerceklestigi bazi Avrupa ulkelerinde uretim calismalarindan kesme, dal alma ve boylama asamalari uretim makineleri (hasatci, kesici-istifleyici) ile gerceklestirilirken ulkemizde genellikle motorlu testere ile gerceklestirilmektedir. Uygun yontemlerle planlanmayan ve uygulanmayan motorlu testere calismalarinda onemli zaman ve verim kayiplari ile cevresel acidan zararlar meydana gelebilmektedir. Ayni zamanda, kesme ve devirme calismalari sirasinda is kazasi riski de artmaktadir. Bu nedenle, motorlu testere ile uretim calismalarinin verim ve cevresel etkileri bakimindan arastirilmasi buyuk onem tasimaktadir. Bu calismada motorlu testereyle uretim calismalari verim ve kalan agac zarari acisindan degerlendirilmistir. Arazi calismalari Adana Orman Bolge Mudurlugu, Osmaniye Orman Isletme Mudurlugu, Bahce Orman Isletme Sefligi sinirlarinda Kizilcam (Pinus brutia Ten.) mesceresinde uygulanmistir. Saatlik ortalama verim ve ortalama hacim sirasiyla 4,06 m3/saat ve 0,30 m3 olarak tespit edilmis olup, uretilen odun hammaddesi arttikca verimde artmistir. Kesme ve devirme calismalari sonucu 13 adet diri odun yarasi ve 30 adet kabuk yarasi olmak uzere toplam 43 adet agacin yaralandigi tespit edilmistir. Agaclarin devrilmesi sirasinda kalan agaclara takilmasi ve carpmasi sonucu agaclarin ust kisimlarinda diri odun ve kabuk yaralari meydana geldigi tespit edilmistir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Kesme, dal alma, boylama, motorlu testere, verim, kalan agac zarari Received (Gelis): 06.07.2015 - Revised (Duzeltme): 31.07.2015 - Accepted (Kabul): 08.08.2015 Cite (Atif): Gulci, N., Akay, A.E., Erdas, O., 2016. Investigation of timber harvesting operations using chainsaw considering productivity and residual stand damage: The case of Bahce Forest Enterprise Chief. Journal of the Faculty of Forestry Istanbul University 66(2): 357-368. DOI: 10.17099/jffiu.11250