Motor Reproduction of Time Interval Depends on Internal Temporal Cues in the Brain: Sensorimotor Imagery in Rhythm.

Tatsuya Daikoku,Nagayoshi Tarumoto,Hideki Yasuda,Yuji Takahashi

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01873

Tatsuya Daikoku, Nagayoshi Tarumoto + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01873

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Abstract

How the human brain perceives time intervals is a fascinating topic that has been explored in many fields of study. This study examined how time intervals are replicated in three conditions: with no internalized cue (PT), with an internalized cue without a beat (AS), and with an internalized cue with a beat (RS). In PT, participants accurately reproduced the time intervals up to approximately 3 s. Over 3 s, however, the reproduction errors became increasingly negative. In RS, longer presentations of over 5.6 s and 13 beats induced accurate time intervals in reproductions. This suggests longer exposure to beat presentation leads to stable internalization and efficiency in the sensorimotor processing of perception and reproduction. In AS, up to approximately 3 s, the results were similar to those of RS whereas over 3 s, the results shifted and became similar to those of PT. The time intervals between the first two stimuli indicate that the strategies of time-interval reproduction in AS may shift from RS to PT. Neural basis underlying the reproduction of time intervals without a beat may depend on length of time interval between adjacent stimuli in sequences.

Highlights

Temporal Processing in the Brain “Time” is a ubiquitous phenomenon that is observed around the world
The neural basis underlying the reproduction of time intervals without a beat may depend on the length of the time interval between adjacent stimuli in the sequences
Based on the time intervals between the first two stimuli, the strategies of time-interval reproduction in AS sessions may shift from RS to PT sessions

Summary

Introduction

Temporal Processing in the Brain “Time” is a ubiquitous phenomenon that is observed around the world. One is an automatic system that contributes to the perception of sub-second time intervals, Motor Reproduction of Time Interval which recruits motor systems in the brain (e.g., the supplementary motor area and the cerebellum) (Sakai et al, 1999; Schubotz and von Cramon, 2001; Coull et al, 2004; Pastor et al, 2004) even without a motor task (Grahn and Brett, 2007; Chen et al, 2008) Another is a system that depends on attention and working memory, and contributes to the perception of supra-second time intervals, which are more connected to the right prefrontal and parietal cortical areas (Madison, 2001; Lewis and Miall, 2003; Miyake et al, 2004). Several areas in the brain contribute to temporal processing, and its function could be vulnerable in patients with impairments in brain areas that are important for temporal processing (Kagerer et al, 2002), for example, persons with motor and other impairments such as stuttering (Toyomura et al, 2015), Parkinson’s disease, stroke (Thaut et al, 2015), dyslexia (Przybylski et al, 2013), and autism (Szelag et al, 2004b)

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