Abstract
Investigations of neurobehavioral aspects of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) primarily has focused on an analysis of abnormalities in complex cognitive operations including social cognition, communication, and executive functioning, which represent the defining clinical characteristics of the disorder. However, recent behavioral, neurophysiological, neuroimaging, and histological evidence suggests that motor system development is also abnormal in ASD. These observations highlight the need for systematic investigation of the developmental trajectory and causes of atypical motor function and dyspraxia in these disorders. This chapter reviews studies on motor system neurophysiology and its dysfunction in ASD; vestibular modulation of motor control in ASD; gross motor impairments in individuals with ASD; fine motor impairments in individuals with ASD; oculomotor impairments in ASD; evidence of dsypraxia in ASD; motor development in infants and young children with ASD; and factors associated with motor deficits in ASD.
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