Abstract
ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to determine the influence of oral, oropharyngeal, laryngeal and hypopharyngeal dysplasia and cancer diagnosis on motivation to smoking cessation in patients. Consecutively, we assessed the competence of ENT specialists in counseling anti-smoking therapies.MethodsQuestionnaire of expected support, Schneider motivation test and Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) were administered to 50 smoking patients. The online survey was collected from 152 ENT doctors.ResultsMean FTND score was 4.58 and Heaviness of Smoking Index (HSI) was 3.1. Patients with oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer showed the greatest dependence to nicotine 7.67 and 5.25, respectively, and with hypopharyngeal cancer had the lowest 3.5, (p = 0.039). The ranges of HSI were significantly higher for younger patients (p = 0.036). 35 patients were adequately motivated to quit smoking, and their mean age was statistically higher (p = 0.05). Self-reported motivation to smoking cessation was 76%. Of 152 surveyed doctors, only 39% declared knowledge of the diagnostic and therapeutic cessation interventions. 75% showed interest in the training programs.
Highlights
Smoking is a major etiological factor for developing intraepithelial dysplasia and squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of the larynx, hypopharynx, oropharynx and oral cavity
The mean nicotine dependency ratio based on the Fagerström test was 4.58 ± 2.23; the mean value of the Heaviness of Smoking Index (HSI) was 3.1 ± 1.73. 22 patients (50%) smoked 10–20 cigarettes a day, 11 (22%)—21–30 cigarettes a day, 8 (16%)—less than 10, and 6 (12%) more than 30 cigarettes a day (Table 1)
The other issue is understanding whether smoking cessation treatment strategies could be implemented in otolaryngology practice to effectively increase tobacco abstinence in this population
Summary
Smoking is a major etiological factor for developing intraepithelial dysplasia and squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of the larynx, hypopharynx, oropharynx and oral cavity. Despite increased incidence of human papilloma virus related SCC in oropharynx and oral cavity, still more than 75% head and According to the report of the Chief Sanitary Inspector “Attitudes of Poles towards tobacco smoking”, 21% of adult population in Poland reported smoking addiction in 2019. Even more concerning are the rates of continued smoking despite the diagnosis of cancer, and they exceed 50% of patients [6].
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