Abstract
The motion of a fluid in a rotating spherical cavity with a free light spherical body under the perturbing effect of an external force field perpendicular to the rotation axis is investigated experimentally. It is shown that the external field excites the lagging differential rotation of the core occupying the central position in the cavity under the action of a centrifugal force. The regularities of the averaged rotation of the body and the motion of fluid shaped as the Taylor-Proudman column are investigated. The sequential threshold manifestation of various instability types of the Taylor-Proudman column with an increase in the velocity of the differential body rotation is found. Initially a new type of instability manifests itself, and a two-dimensional system of vortexes elongated along the rotation axis is formed inside the column. Then the development of azimuthal two-dimensional waves at the column boundary is observed. It is shown that the Reynolds number calculated through the velocity of the differential body rotation determines the threshold transitions. A map of motion modes of a fluid in a spherical layer on a plane of dimensionless parameters is plotted.
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