Abstract
One of the most important features of the proper operation of technical objects is monitoring the vibrations of their mechanical components. The currently significant proportion of the research methods in this regard includes a group of research methods based on the conversion of vibrations using sensors providing data from individual locations. In parallel with the continuous improvement of these tools, new methods for acquiring information on the condition of the object have emerged due to the rapid development of visual systems. Their actual effectiveness determined the switch from research laboratories to actual industrial installations. In many cases, the application of the visualization methods can supplement the conventional methods applied and, under particular conditions, can effectively replace them. The decisive factor is their non-contact nature and the possibility for simultaneous observation of multiple points of the selected area. Visual motion magnification (MM) is an image processing method that involves the conscious and deliberate deformation of input images to the form that enables the visual observation of vibration processes which are not visible in their natural form. The first part of the article refers to the basic terms in the field of expressing motion in an image (based on the Lagrangian and Eulerian approaches), the formulation of the term of optical flow (OF), and the interpretation of an image in time and space. The following part of the article reviews the main processing algorithms in the aspect of computational complexity and visual quality and their modification for applications under specific conditions. The comparison of the MM methods presented in the paper and recommendations for their applications across a wide variety of fields were supported with examples originating from recent publications. The effectiveness of visual methods based on motion magnification in machine diagnosis and the identification of malfunctions are illustrated with selected examples of the implementation derived from authors’ workshop practice under industrial conditions.
Highlights
In addition to the undoubted effects of maintaining the proper condition of the equipment based on a visual assessment of vibrations applying the motion magnification (MM) methods cited in the article, the MM
The presented examples of the implementation focus on the perceptive measures aimed at the rapid location of the problem occurring in the object, rather than on the complex parametric description
The negative phenomena accompanying the MM process, such as the formation of artefacts, can, in certain situations, make it easier for the observer to capture significant details that distinguish them from the wider background
Summary
The particular cases in which the relationship between an object’s operating parameters and the events, and conditions which have occurred is not well documented In such an approach, a vibration signal acts as a diagnostic symptom which informs about adverse or dangerous changes within the object’s structure or interactions with the environment. The observation of vibrations is not, limited only to regarding them as the so-called residual process In many machines, such as conveyors or vibrating tables, vibrations serve as the main working motion. In such cases, the current vibration picture enables, for example, the optimal adjustment of a device to the load or performance nature
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