Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the kinematical characteristics of jumping discus throwing. Eight male right-handed discus throwers who used to practice the jumping throwing technique were recruited as participants. Two high-speed digital cameras with 120 Hz sampling rate were synchronized to capture the movement. The captured images were processed using a motion analysis suite, and the markers attached to joints on images were digitized manually. Based on the results, throwers should keep smaller the shoulder–hip twisting and the right anterior superior iliac spine (abbreviated: ASIS) in front of the right acromion (for right-handed throwers) from the instant the right foot lands to the instant the left foot lands, before the instant of the right foot lands; keep the discus at a depressed position; and reduce the time before discus release, particularly the time of the non-support phase and the second single-support phase. Additionally, release velocity must be improved because throwing distance is directly proportional to squared release velocity. In conclusion, the current study demonstrated comprehensive kinematical analyses, which can be used to instruct the jumping discus throwing technique with duration and angle characteristics of throwing movement for athletes by coaches with videos.
Highlights
Discus throw is a track and field sport that involves throwing a heavy discus in a spinning movement
Airborne-release refers to the athlete releasing the discus while in the air, and grounded-release refers to the athlete releasing the discus with one or both feet on the ground [3]
Discus throwers’ performance is mainly determined by their throwing distance, which can be affected by release height, velocity, and angle [13,14,15,16], and the result of the current study showed that the release velocity had high positive correlation with the throw distance (r = 0.952)
Summary
Discus throw is a track and field sport that involves throwing a heavy discus in a spinning movement. Airborne-release refers to the athlete releasing the discus while in the air (i.e., with both feet above the ground), and grounded-release refers to the athlete releasing the discus with one or both feet on the ground [3]. Dapena [5] investigated the force–energy conversion pattern of jumping discus throwing by analysing the relationship between forces, linear momentum, and rotational energy, discovering that in the initial double-support phase, a large pull–push horizontal force is generated, and at the instant of release, the linear momentum and kinetic energy generated by the thrower and the discus (regarded as two separate systems) contributed 7% and 12%, respectively, to the horizontal and vertical velocity of the discus, whereas the thrower’s trunk contributed 93% and 88% of rotational kinetic energy on the vertical and forward direction, respectively. To successfully initiate a kinetic chain to throw the discus [6,7], the thrower’s trunk must reach a high rotational angular velocity in the vertical direction when
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