Mother-to-infant bonding difficulties are associated with future maternal depression and child-maltreatment behaviors: A Japanese nationwide longitudinal study

Abstract

BackgroundMother-to-infant bonding difficulties (MIBD) are considered risk factors for postpartum depression and child-maltreatment behaviors. However, few longitudinal studies have examined this hypothesis. This study aims to explore the relationship between MIBD and subsequent maternal depression and child-maltreatment behaviors using longitudinal data from a 2021 Japanese nationwide survey. MethodsWe studied 658 first-time mothers who had given birth within the past year and had not reported postpartum depression or child-maltreatment behaviors at baseline. The Japanese version of Mother-to-Infant Bonding Scale (MIBS) was used to measure MIBD. Subjects were monitored for six months and subsequently completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and responded to inquiries about child-maltreatment behaviors. ResultsAfter adjusting for covariates, MIBD was associated with higher odds of maternal depression (OR=1.737, 95% CI [1.078, 2.797]) and child-maltreatment behaviors (OR=2.040, 95% CI [1.401, 2.970]) six months later. Further analysis indicated that MIBD was particularly associated with a heightened risk of emotional abuse (OR=2.172, 95% CI [1.486, 3.176]). Sensitivity analysis, using inverse probability weighting to address selection bias or with an alternative cutoff score of 5, corroborated these findings. ConclusionProactive screening for MIBD could serve as a valuable tool in the detection of maternal depression and potential child-maltreatment behaviors.