Abstract
One-dimensional materials, such as nanowires, nanotubes, or nanofibers, have attracted more and more attention recently due to their unique physical properties. Their large length-to-diameter ratio creates anisotropic material properties which could not be reached in bulk material. Especially one-dimensional magnetic structures are of high interest since the strong shape anisotropy reveals new magnetization reversal modes and possible applications. One possibility to create magnetic nanofibers in a relatively simple way is offered by electrospinning them from polymer solutions or melts with incorporated magnetic nanoparticles. This review gives an overview of most recent methods of electrospinning magnetic nanofibers, measuring their properties as well as possible applications from basic research to single-cell manipulation to microwave absorption.
Highlights
The electrospinning technology can be used to prepare nanofibers or nanofiber mats from polymer solutions or melts, possibly including ceramics, metallic nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, and so on, in addition.[1,2,3] Generally, electrospinning can be subdivided into needle-based and needleless techniques (Figure 1)
For example, watersoluble ones such as polyethylene glycol (PEG or PEO) which is often used as spinning agent (Figure 2(a)),[10,11,12] polyacrylonitrile (PAN) which belongs to the few materials which can be electrospun from the low-toxic solvent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (Figure 2(b))[13,14] and is often used as a precursor for carbon nanofibers,[15,16] or poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) which is typically used in cell growth applications.[17,18]
Electrospun magnetic nanofibers from a Fe3O4/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) core and a poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and PCL shell were decorated with TiO2 nanoparticles by electrospraying, resulting in good photocatalytic activity under UV light.[99]
Summary
The electrospinning technology can be used to prepare nanofibers or nanofiber mats from polymer solutions or melts, possibly including ceramics, metallic nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, and so on, in addition.[1,2,3] Generally, electrospinning can be subdivided into needle-based and needleless techniques (Figure 1).
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