Abstract
Dengue epidemics have been reported in Brazil since 1985. The scenery has worsened in the last decade because several serotypes are circulating and producing a hyper-endemic situation, with an increase of DHF/DSS cases as well as the number of fatalities. Herein, we report dengue virus surveillance in mosquitoes using a Flavivirus genus-specific RT-Hemi-Nested-PCR assay. The mosquitoes (Culicidae, n = 1700) collected in the Northeast, Southeast and South of Brazil, between 1999 and 2005, were grouped into 154 pools. Putative genomes of DENV-1, -2 and -3 were detected in 6 mosquito pools (3.8%). One amplicon of putative DENV-1 was detected in a pool of Haemagogus leucocelaenus suggesting that this virus could be involved in a sylvatic cycle. DENV-3 was found infecting 3 pools of larvae of Aedes albopictus and the nucleotide sequence of one of these viruses was identified as DENV-3 of genotype III, phylogenetically related to other DENV-3 isolated in Brazil. This is the first report of a nucleotide sequence of DENV-3 from larvae of Aedes albopictus.
Highlights
Dengue epidemics have been reported in Brazil since 1985
Infection with any of the four dengue virus serotypes can lead to acute febrile illness and to the severe, sometimes fatal, dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS) [1]
DENV are transmitted to humans mainly by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, which acquired the infection through blood-feeding on infected individuals or by transovarial transmission [2]
Summary
Dengue epidemics have been reported in Brazil since 1985. The scenery has worsened in the last decade because several serotypes are circulating and producing a hyper-endemic situation, with an increase of DHF/DSS cases as well as the number of fatalities. In Africa and Asia, DENV have been reported in sylvatic (enzootic) cycle involving non-human primates and various species of Aedes mosquito (such as Ae. furcifer, Ae. luteocephalus and Ae. taylori) [3]. In the City of Foz do Iguaçu (25° 32' 52" S, 54° 25' 16" O), Parana State, South region, 370 mosquitoes were collected at urban area, in 2005.
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