Abstract

This research aimed to investigate various mosquitocidal activities of Chenopodium botrys whole- plant n-hexane extract against Culex quinquefasciatus. The extract showed remarkable larvicidal, pupicidal, adulticidal, oviposition deterrent and adult emergence inhibitory activities against Cx. quinquefasciatus. During the larvicidal and pupicidal activities, the 24-hour lethal concentration (LC50) of extract against 2nd instar larvae, 4th instar larvae and pupae were 324.6, 495.6 and 950.8 ppm, respectively. During the CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) bottle bioassay for adulticidal activity, the median knockdown times (KDT50) at 1.25% concentration was 123.4 minutes. During the filter paper impregnation bioassay for adulticidal activity, the KDT50 value at 0.138 mg/cm2 concentration was 48.6 minutes. The extract was fractionated into 14 fractions through silica gel column chromatography which were then combined into six fractions on the basis of similar retention factor (Rf) value. These fractions were screened for adulticidal activity by applying CDC bottle bioassay. The fraction obtained through 60:40 to 50:50% n-hexanes-chloroform mobile phase with 0.5 Rf value showed 100% adulticidal activity at 0.2% concentration. During oviposition deterrent activity, the highest concentration (1000 ppm) showed 71.3 ± 4.4% effective repellence and 0.6 ± 0.1 oviposition activity index. During adult emergence inhibition activity, the median emergence inhibition (EI50) value was 312.3 ppm. From the outcome of the present investigation, it is concluded that the n-hexane extract of C. botrys whole- plant possesses strong larvicidal, pupicidal, adulticidal, oviposition deterrent and adult emergence inhibitory activities against Cx. quinquefasciatus.

Highlights

  • Synthetic chemical insecticides play role in pest control

  • The n-hexane extract was fractionated into several fractions through column chromatography

  • During thin layer chromatography (TLC), retention factor (Rf) values were in the range of 0.2-0.8

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Summary

Introduction

Synthetic chemical insecticides play role in pest control. They belong to the carbamate, organophosphate, organochlorine, pyrethroid, and neonicotinoid pesticide (Gullan and Cranston, 2014). Mosquitoes are small blood sucking insects and transmit several diseases in humans such as filariasis, dengue, yellow fever and malaria (Farajollahi et al, 2011). Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) is the most wide spread mosquito in tropical and subtropical regions and breeds in wide range of stagnant water bodies such as cemented drains, ditches, pools, rice fields, river margins, marshes, wells and ponds (Kramer et al, 2008; Andreadis, 2012; Ilahi and Suleman, 2013). Cx. quinquefasciatus is known for transmitting malaria in birds (Glad and Crampton, 2015)

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