Abstract
Mosquito-borne viral diseases are infections transmitted by the bite of infected mosquitoes. The burden of these diseases is highest in tropical and subtropical areas and they disproportionately affect the poorest populations. Since 2014, major outbreaks of dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever and Zika have afflicted populations and overwhelmed health systems in many countries. Distribution of mosquito-borne diseases is determined by complex demographic, environmental and social factors, causing diseases to emerge in countries where they were previously unknown. Coupling genomic diagnostics and epidemiology to innovative digital disease detection platforms raises the possibility of an open, global, digital pathogen surveillance system. Considering pathogen surveillance in mind, real-time sequencing, bioinformatics tools and the combination of genomic and epidemiological data from viral infections can give essential information for understanding the past and the future of an epidemic, making possible to establish an effective surveillance framework on tracking the spread of infections to other geographic regions.
Highlights
Mosquito-borne viral diseases have lately integrated worldwide headlines since the emergence of arbovirus outbreaks in big urban areas
According to the World Health Organization, more than 17% of all infectious diseases registered worldwide are represented by vector-borne diseases, and they account for more than 700,000 deaths annually [1]
Considering pathogen surveillance in mind, bioinformatics tools and the combination of genomic and epidemiological data from viral infections can give essential information for understanding the past and the future of an epidemic, because genomic data generated by real-time sequencing can provide important information on how and when viruses were introduced in a particular site, their pattern and determinants of dissemination in neighboring locations and the extent of genetic diversity, i.e., its dynamics, making it possible to establish an effective surveillance framework on tracking the spread of infections to other geographic regions [21, 22, 34]
Summary
Mosquito-borne viral diseases have lately integrated worldwide headlines since the emergence of arbovirus outbreaks in big urban areas. According to the World Health Organization, more than 17% of all infectious diseases registered worldwide are represented by vector-borne diseases, and they account for more than 700,000 deaths annually [1]. Due to this scenario of increasing cases number and expansion to new areas, the spread of infectious diseases was listed second in the top 10 risks in term of impact according to the Global Risks 2015 report [2]. High number of cases of arboviral diseases was registered in other regions in recent years, such as in the western pacific region where more than 375,000 suspected dengue cases were reported in 2016 [10]. The use of genomic sequencing data and bioinformatics has been employed in the study of virus evolution, aiming to elucidate phylogenetic relationships and patterns of virus spread during an epidemic [22]
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