Abstract
Mosquito-borne diseases (MBDs) are still threats to public health in Zhejiang. In this study, the associations between the time-lagged mosquito capture data and MBDs incidence over five years were used to examine the potential effects of mosquito abundance on patterns of MBDs epidemiology in Zhejiang during 2008–2012. Light traps were used to collect adult mosquitoes at 11 cities. Correlation tests with and without time lag were performed to investigate the correlations between MBDs incidence rates and mosquito abundance by month. Selected MBDs consisted of Japanese encephalitis (JE), dengue fever (DF) and malaria. A Poisson regression analysis was performed by using a generalized estimating equations (GEE) approach, and the most parsimonious model was selected based on the quasi-likelihood based information criterion (QICu). We identified five mosquito species and the constituent ratio of Culex pipiens pallens, Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Aedes albopictus, Anopheles sinensis and Armigeres subalbatus was 66.73%, 21.47%, 6.72%, 2.83% and 2.25%, respectively. The correlation analysis without and with time lag showed that Culex mosquito abundance at a lag of 0 or 1 month was positively correlated with JE incidence during 2008–2012, Ae. albopictus abundance at a lag of 1 month was positively correlated with DF incidence in 2009, and An. sinensis abundance at a lag of 0–2 months was positively correlated with malaria incidence during 2008–2010. The Poisson regression analysis showed each 0.1 rise of monthly mosquito abundance corresponded to a positive increase of MBD cases for the period of 2008–2012. The rise of mosquito abundance with a lag of 0–2 months increased the risk of human MBDs infection in Zhejiang. Our study provides evidence that mosquito monitoring could be a useful early warning tool for the occurrence and transmission of MBDs.
Highlights
Vectors such as mosquitoes are closely related with human health and mosquito-borne diseases (MBDs) have brought heavy social burdens in China
dengue fever (DF) was assessed with its only vector Ae. albopictus and malaria was assessed with its only vector An. sinensis
Differences in mosquito species existed among some monitoring cities, we did not find any Cx. tritaeniorhynchus or An. sinensis at Shengsi, there was no Ae. albopictus found at Jiangshan and no Ar. subalbatus found at Hangzhou, Ningbo, Quzhou, Yiwu and Jiangshan either
Summary
Vectors such as mosquitoes are closely related with human health and mosquito-borne diseases (MBDs) have brought heavy social burdens in China. The nearest outbreaks of dengue fever in Guangdong and Yunnan in 2013 have greatly influenced the local economic development and social stability [2]. With the increasing acceleration of global warming, large-scale urbanization and the rapid development of international tourism and trade, the density and distribution of mosquitoes may have undergone new changes [3,4,5]. The MBDs such as dengue have already been the key issues of prevention and control of infectious diseases in southern China [8]. Mosquito surveillance, which can detect timely abnormal changes in population dynamics of mosquitoes, plays a very important role in early warning of the occurrence of MBDs and vector control strategies [9,10]
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