Abstract
Mosquito surveillance in Europe is essential for early detection of invasive species with public health importance and prevention and control of emerging pathogens. In Portugal, a vector surveillance national program—REVIVE (REde de VIgilância de VEctores)—has been operating since 2008 under the custody of Portuguese Ministry of Health. The REVIVE is responsible for the nationwide surveillance of hematophagous arthropods. Surveillance for West Nile virus (WNV) and other flaviviruses in adult mosquitoes is continuously performed. Adult mosquitoes—collected mainly with Centre for Disease Control light traps baited with CO2—and larvae were systematically collected from a wide range of habitats in 20 subregions (NUTS III). Around 500,000 mosquitoes were trapped in more than 3,000 trap nights and 3,500 positive larvae surveys, in which 24 species were recorded. The viral activity detected in mosquito populations in these years has been limited to insect specific flaviviruses (ISFs) non-pathogenic to humans. Rather than emergency response, REVIVE allows timely detection of changes in abundance and species diversity providing valuable knowledge to health authorities, which may take control measures of vector populations reducing its impact on public health. This work aims to present the REVIVE operation and to expose data regarding mosquito species composition and detected ISFs.
Highlights
Rather than relying on an emergency response, mosquito surveillance allows timely detection of changes in abundance and species diversity providing valuable knowledge to health authorities, which may take control measures of vector populations reducing their impact on health
Rather than relying on an emergency response, REVIVE allows timely detection of changes in abundance and species diversity providing valuable knowledge to health authorities, the scientific community and entities which may take control measures of vector populations reducing their impact on public health
These guidelines were set according to the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) guidelines for the surveillance of invasive mosquitoes in Europe, in order to be in line at a European level with other countries/areas under surveillance [10]
Summary
Rather than relying on an emergency response, mosquito surveillance allows timely detection of changes in abundance and species diversity providing valuable knowledge to health authorities, which may take control measures of vector populations reducing their impact on health. The re-emergence of pathogens through native mosquito populations such as West Nile virus (WNV) and malaria has been a major issue in several European regions [11,12,13,14,15,16]. In this context, the need to enhance knowledge about vector species, their distribution, abundance, and role as vectors of disease agents in Portugal, urged the establishment of a national vector surveillance programme—REVIVE (REde de VIgilância de VEctores)—in 2008 under the custody of Portuguese Ministry of Health. The REVIVE plan included first the General Directorate of Health (DGS), the five Regional Health Administrations (ARS)—namely
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