Abstract
Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) pose a significant threat to global health, causing human disease with increasing geographic range and severity. The recent availability of the genome sequences of medically important mosquito species has kick-started investigations into the molecular basis of how mosquito vectors control arbovirus infection. Here, we discuss recent findings concerning the role of the mosquito immune system in antiviral defense, interactions between arboviruses and fundamental cellular processes such as apoptosis and autophagy, and arboviral suppression of mosquito defense mechanisms. This knowledge provides insights into co-evolutionary processes between vector and virus and also lays the groundwork for the development of novel arbovirus control strategies that target the mosquito vector.
Highlights
Despite decades of vector control efforts, arthropod-borne viruses remain a significant public health threat in large regions of the world
We focus on the major mosquito immune signaling pathways that have been implicated in the antiviral defense, namely the Toll, immune deficiency (IMD), and Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathways
The Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway was first identified as an interferon (IFN)-induced signaling pathway in vertebrates [56,57], and it plays a key role in antiviral immunity in mammals [58,59]
Summary
Despite decades of vector control efforts, arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) remain a significant public health threat in large regions of the world. Conventional vector control methods such as insecticide spraying and the removal of mosquito breeding sites have in many cases proven to be unsustainable solutions for a variety of reasons, including a lack of public awareness, adequate funds, and field training [6], as well as the development of insecticide resistance [7]. Vectors such as Ae. aegypti are extremely well adapted to urban environments, laying their eggs in clean water in artificial containers, and displaying a preference for staying indoors. We review current knowledge on arbovirus-mosquito interactions, with a special focus on mosquito anti-DENV immunity
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