Abstract
The aims of this study were as follows: to estimate the mortality and years of life lost, assessed by disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), due to breast cancer attributable to physical inactivity in Brazilian women; to compare the estimates attributable to physical inactivity and to other modifiable risk factors; and to analyse the temporal evolution of these estimates within Brazilian states over 25 years (1990–2015), compared with global estimates. Databases from the Global Burden of Disease Study for Brazil, Brazilian states, and other parts of the world were used. Physical inactivity has contributed to a substantial number of deaths (1990: 875; 2015: 2,075) and DALYs (1990: 28,089; 2015: 60,585) due to breast cancer in Brazil. Physical inactivity was responsible for more deaths and DALYs (~12.0%) due to breast cancer than other modifiable risk factors (~5.0%). The Brazilian states with better socioeconomic indicators had higher age-standardized rates of mortality and morbidity due to breast cancer attributable to physical inactivity. From 1990 to 2015, mortality due to breast cancer attributable to physical inactivity increased in Brazil (0.77%; 95%U.I.: 0.27–1.47) and decreased (−2.84%; 95%U.I.: −4.35 – −0.10) around the world. These findings support the promotion of physical activity in the Brazilian female population to prevent and manage breast cancer.
Highlights
Physical inactivity appears to reduce the risk of breast cancer through a number of mechanisms, including body fat reduction, which in turn reduces oestrogen and insulin concentrations
Among the main findings of this study, it was found that over 25 years, estimates of deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) due to breast cancer attributable to all causes were stable in Brazil and decreased around the world
A survey conducted in the Eastern Mediterranean Region analysed the trends of deaths and DALYs from 2005 to 2015 by different cancers and found that mortality and DALY rates due to breast cancer stabilized over a 10-year period[1]
Summary
Physical inactivity appears to reduce the risk of breast cancer through a number of mechanisms, including body fat reduction, which in turn reduces oestrogen and insulin concentrations. Studies analysing data on the global burden of breast cancer mortality and morbidity have found no association with a single specific cause but with several causal factors of the disease[1,9,10,11]. The study of physical inactivity as a specific risk factor compared with other modifiable risk factors in the global burden of mortality and morbidity of breast cancer may be useful for public policies to intervene related to the disease and related to associated risk factors, which may result, in the medium and long term, in lower incidence of the disease and better quality of life of the affected population[12]
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