Abstract
Resumo Objetivo Analisar a tendência temporal da mortalidade infantil na cidade de Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil e avaliar a contribuição da vigilância do óbito como instrumento para aprimoramento das estatísticas vitais e planejamento de ações. Métodos Foram calculados os coeficientes de mortalidade infantil, neonatal e pós-neonatal para o período de 1980 a 2012. Utilizou-se o modelo de regressão exponencial para análise da tendência. Para avaliar a contribuição da vigilância do óbito infantil foi realizado um estudo sobre as variáveis, causas básicas e associadas da Declaração de Óbito, e da evitabilidade. Resultados A tendência do coeficiente de mortalidade infantil e seus componentes etários foram decrescentes. Após a investigação da vigilância do óbito infantil nenhuma variável da Declaração de Óbito ficou incompleta e, em 52% dos óbitos, a causa básica foi melhor definida. Quase 80% dos óbitos foram classificados como evitáveis e 51,3% reduzíveis por adequada atenção à mulher na gestação. Conclusão A mortalidade infantil apresentou tendência decrescente e a vigilância do óbito infantil contribuiu para aprimorar as estatísticas vitais, fundamental para o planejamento das ações de saúde materno-infantil.
Highlights
IntroductionInfant mortality is an important women’s and children’s health indicator; it is considered a sentinel event due to its avoidability.[1,2] It is associated with bio-sociocultural and care determinants, and its reduction depends on effective improvement in life conditions and public health policies.[3]
Infant mortality is an important women’s and children’s health indicator; it is considered a sentinel event due to its avoidability.[1,2] It is associated with bio-sociocultural and care determinants, and its reduction depends on effective improvement in life conditions and public health policies.[3]. Failures in the care provided to pregnant women, childbirths, and newborns are relevant to death occurrences in the first year of life.[4]
The World Health Organization considers the reduction of infant mortality by twothirds to be one of the eight millennium developmental goals to be achieved by 2015.(5) There were significant advances in Brazil, with the infant mortality rate (IMR) decreasing from 26.1 per 1,000 live births in 2000 to 14.0 per 1,000 live births in 2011, with a total reduction of 41.5% within this period.[6,7]
Summary
Infant mortality is an important women’s and children’s health indicator; it is considered a sentinel event due to its avoidability.[1,2] It is associated with bio-sociocultural and care determinants, and its reduction depends on effective improvement in life conditions and public health policies.[3]. The World Health Organization considers the reduction of infant mortality by twothirds to be one of the eight millennium developmental goals to be achieved by 2015.(5) There were significant advances in Brazil, with the infant mortality rate (IMR) decreasing from 26.1 per 1,000 live births in 2000 to 14.0 per 1,000 live births in 2011, with a total reduction of 41.5% within this period.[6,7]. Brazilian success regarding the millennium goal for infant mortality resulted from the unquestionable reduction in poverty observed over the last few years, due to cross-sector compensatory public policies, such as the Brazilian Programa Bolsa Família.[3,8] In the health sector context, the expansion of the Brazilian Family Heath Strategy (ESF, as per its acronym in Portuguese) contributed to strengthening primary health actions, especially those directed to women, family and prenatal planning, and children, by means of incentives to breastfeed, immunizations, and care for childhood-prevalent diseases. A significant reduction in fertility occurred, favoring the decline in infant mortality.[3,9]
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