Morphotechnological parameters and analysis of microplants of potato varieties with accelerated reproduction (in vitro) in a selection nursery

Abstract

The studies were carried out with in vitro test-tube micro plants at the Smolensk State Agricultural Academy in a research laboratory and in protected ground (frame greenhouses) under standard conditions and protection measures during the period of their cultivation. The article analyzes and presents data on the growth and development of potato varieties during their growing season. The object of research was micro plants of potato varieties Fritella, Grand, Mayak, Violet, Vympel, Vasilek, Meteor and Gulliver. The data obtained showed that test-tube micro plants of potato varieties by the end of the phase of intensive growth - the beginning of the phase of slow growth had a well-developed root system, 4-5 internodes, a plant height of 9.5-13.1 cm, a green color, a sufficiently developed leaf apparatus and planting them in flowerpots, survival rate was 100%. The duration of the growing season depended on the variety of micro plants and ranged from 82 to 107 days, height from 46.8 to 66.8 cm, the number of tubers from 3.5 pcs. up to 8.26 pieces, the yield of the seed fraction is from 44 to 92%. In terms of yield, the following potato varieties were distinguished: Gulliver (10.5 t / ha); Lighthouse (10.0 t / ha); Grand (9.24 t / ha); Meteor (9.20 t / ha); Purple (8.16 t / ha). The rest of the studied varieties had a lower yield level (5.5-7.35 t / ha), which is associated with both the high presence of fine-fraction tubers and the number of tubers in the nest. These circumstances necessitate additional seed reproduction of micro tubers (<15-20g) in the autumn-winter period in greenhouse conditions. In terms of morphobiological characteristics, the nature of setting, the formation of tubers, the structure of the clone, each variety, even one ripeness group, had its own varietal specificity, which should be taken into account when cultivating them in nurseries of original and elite seed production.