Abstract
The aim of this study was to measure the area of the coronary ostia, assess their localization in the coronary sinuses and to determine the morphology of the stem of the left and right coronary arteries in the domestic shorthair cat. The study was conducted on 100 hearts of domestic shorthair cats of both sexes, aged 2–18 years, with an average body weight of 4.05 kg. A morphometric analysis of the coronary ostia was carried out on 52 hearts. The remaining 48 hearts were injected with a casting material in order to carry out a morphological assessment of the left and right coronary arteries. In all the studied animals, the surface of the left coronary artery ostium was larger than the surface of the right coronary artery ostium. There were four types of the left main coronary artery: type I (23 animals, 49%)–double-branched left main stem (giving off the left circumflex branch and the interventricular paraconal branch, which in turn gave off the septal branch), type II (12 animals, 26%)–double-branched left main stem (giving off the left circumflex branch and the interventricular paraconal branch without the septal branch), type III (11 animals, 23%)–triple-branched left main stem (giving off the left circumflex branch, interventricular branch and the septal branch, type IV (1 animal, 2%)–double-branched left main stem (giving off the interventricular paraconal branch and the left circumflex branch, which in turn gave off the septal branch). The left coronary artery ostium is greater than the right one. There is considerable diversity in the branches of proximal segment of the left coronary artery, while the right coronary artery is more conservative. These results can be useful in defining the optimal strategies in the endovascular procedures involving the coronary arteries or the aortic valve in the domestic shorthair cat.
Highlights
In most mammals the heart is supplied with blood via the left and right coronary arteries
According to the Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria [1], the left main coronary artery is divided into two vessels: the interventricular paraconal branch and the left circumflex branch
In contrast to previously publications our study presented in this paper is the first report on morphometry of coronary ostia and morphology of the stem of the left and right coronary arteries in the domestic shorthair cat
Summary
In most mammals the heart is supplied with blood via the left and right coronary arteries. According to the Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria [1], the left main coronary artery is divided into two vessels: the interventricular paraconal branch and the left circumflex branch. This is confirmed in the studies of Habermehl [2], Atalar et al [3], Smodlaka et al [4], Yuan et al [5] and Kupczyńska et al [6] in selected species of mammals. Some authors describe a tripartite branching of the left main coronary artery. The right coronary artery is a less developed vessel, and its stem becomes the right circumflex branch
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