Morphometric Study of Different Orbital Dimensions in Dry Skull in Eastern India- A Cross-sectional Study

Abstract

Introduction: Existing data regarding the relative position of the various bony landmarks of the orbit suggest that the position of these landmarks may vary depending on the racial population studied. The present study will provide useful baseline orbital morphometric data in Eastern Indian population. Aim: To study the morphometric data of the different orbital dimensions, fissures and foramens of dry skulls in Eastern Indian region. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was done in the department of Anatomy, of a Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India from January 2016 to June 2020. Total 101 adult dry skulls (71 male and 30 female) collected from the departments of Anatomy of four medical colleges were included in the study. Orbital height, breadth, index, distance between Supraorbital Notch/foramen (SON) to Superior Orbital Fissure distance (SOF), the Anterior Lacrimal Crest (ALC) to Posterior Lacrimal Crest (PLC), ALC to the medial border of the optic canal, orbital floor and lateral wall were measured. Results: Based on Orbital Index (OI) 39.12% skulls were found to be in mesoseme, 50.5% in microseme and 10.4% in megaseme category, both genders taken together. The mean SON to SOF distance was 42.48 mm in males and 41.52 mm in females. Mean Infraorbital Foramen (IF) to Inferior Orbital Fissure (IOF) distance was 22.4 mm in males and 22.26 mm in females. Average Frontozygomatic Suture (FZ) to Inferior Orbital Fissure (IOF) was 24.35 mm whereas it was 32.97 mm for the ALC to Optic canal (OC) distance. Conclusion: Most of the skulls studies belonged to the microseme category. Orbital height and breadth were significantly higher in males compared to females.