Morphometric measures and desaturations: Proposal for an index with improved accuracy for obstructive sleep apnea screening

Abstract

Study objectiveTo evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the combined Kushida morphometric model (KMM) and the oxygen desaturation index (ODI) for screening individuals with obstructive sleep apnea. MethodsDiagnostic test study with adults >18 years, both sexes, polysomnography, body mass index, neck circumference and intraoral measurements. Results144 patients were invited; of these, 75 met the exclusion criteria. 55 individuals presented AHI ≥5 ev/h and 14, an AHI <5 ev/h. Three AHI cut-off points were evaluated: AHI ≥5, ≥15, ≥30 ev/h. When adopting the cut-off point of AHI ≥5 ev/h, the KMM showed sensitivity (SE) = 60.0 %, specificity (SP) = 71.4 % and 95 % confidence interval of the area under the curve (95 % CI of AUC) = 0.655; the combination of KMM and ODI (KMM + ODI) revealed SE = 73.0 %, SP = 71.4 % (95 % CI of AUC = 0.779) and the ODI showed SE = 76.4 % and SP = 92.9 % (95 % CI of AUC = 0.815). At the cut-off point of AHI ≥15 ev/h, the KMM presented SE = 64.1 %, SP = 76.7 % (95 % CI of AUC = 0.735); the KMM + ODI showed SE = 82.1 %, SP = 83.3 % (95 % CI of AUC = 0.895); and the ODI presented SE = 76.9 %, SP = 100.0 % (95 % CI of AUC = 0.903). For the cut-off point of AHI ≥30 ev/h, the KMM showed SE = 56.0 %, SP = 77.2 % (95 % CI of AUC = 0.722); the KMM + ODI revealed SE = 92.0 %, SP = 79.5 % (95 % CI of AUC = 0.926); and the ODI showed SE = 92.0 %, SP = 90.9 % (95 % CI of AUC = 0.941). ConclusionThe combination of oxygen desaturation index and Kushida morphometric model improved the sensitivity and specificity of this model regardless of obstructive sleep apnea severity suggesting greater effectiveness in risk prediction.