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Abstract
BackgroundBiochemical and haematological parameters have not been determined in Bactrian camels kept at high altitude. Therefore, this study was undertaken to characterise different physiological, haematological, biochemical, and morphometric parameters of Bactrian camels of high altitude. For this, total fourteen high altitude healthy Bactrian camels were selected from Leh-Ladakh, India, a high altitude area, and thereafter divided into three age groups (N = 3 young; N = 6 adult; N = 5 old camels) to characterise for above parameters. All the results were compared with Lowlander Bactrian camels.ResultsMorphometric measurement showed significant difference in body height, body length, front-hump height and girth, back-hump height and girth, abdomen girth, neck length, and circumference of the shank in the young age group camels as compared to other age groups of Bactrian camels (p < 0.05). Furthermore, all the physiological and haematological parameters were similar in all the age groups of camels (p < 0.05). However, the leukocyte, erythrocyte, Hb, platelets, monocyte, and ESR level were towards the higher side of the normal reference range of Lowlander Bactrian camels. Whereas, the biochemical analysis revealed a significant increase in triglycerides and decrease in protein levels in the younger age group as compared to other age groups (p < 0.05). Although, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase, iron, magnesium, urea, and creatinine levels were insignificant among the different groups, but observed towards the higher side of the low altitude reference range. Interestingly, the glucose levels in all the groups were observed towards the lower side of the range, which showed metabolic adaptation to high altitude.ConclusionThese findings suggested there is morphometric and biochemical variation in Bactrian camel of high altitude. The results further helped in establishing novel reference ranges for these parameters in Highlander Bactrian camel. Hence, this study will be the basis of future research on a Bactrian camel from high-altitude cold desert and helpful for better camel husbandry and health management in high altitude.
Highlights
Biochemical and haematological parameters have not been determined in Bactrian camels kept at high altitude
Research highlights ➢ First report on morphometric, haematological and physio-biochemical profiling of Bactrian camel at high altitude ➢ Bactrian camel has haematological and biochemical adaptation to high altitude conditions ➢ Increase in erythrocytes and Hb to carry more oxygen for normal metabolic function ➢ Increase in segmented and banded neutrophils count to counter high altitude stress ➢ Hypoglycemia is an indication of increased dependency on non-glucose energy substrates
There was no significant variation in respiration rate, heart rate, skin, and rectal temperature in the different age groups of high altitude Bactrian camels (p > 0.05; Table 1)
Summary
Biochemical and haematological parameters have not been determined in Bactrian camels kept at high altitude. This study was undertaken to characterise different physiological, haematological, biochemical, and morphometric parameters of Bactrian camels of high altitude. Single hump camels or Dromedary is found in many countries in low altitude areas, whereas double hump camels or Bactrian are generally found in Central Asia, Western China, and India in high altitude regions [1, 2]. In India, Bactrian camels are found in the high-altitude cold desert region of Nubra Valley, Partapur, Leh-Ladakh where temperature ranges from + 30 °C to − 25 °C [3]. It is hypothesised that double hump camels of high altitude may have different physiological, haematological, and biochemical profile as compared to low altitude double hump camel reference ranges. No studies have so far been done on camel physiology pertaining to Physio-biochemical parameters of Bactrian camels of high-altitude cold desert
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