Morphometric evaluation of superior articular facet and inferior articular facet in human atlas vertebrae

Abstract

Introduction: Trauma and degenerative changes are observed frequently in the cervical column. The first two cervical vertebrae constitute crucial sites for cervico-spinal instability. Accurate surgical intervention in this region requires detailed quantitative analysis of the Atlas and Axis vertebrae. Aim and objectives: To provide baseline data pertaining to morphometric details of SAF & IAF of Atlas vertebra in Indian population. To compare the right and left sided morphometric values. To explore any morphological variations of SAF & IAF of Atlas vertebra. Materials and methods: 50 human dry Atlas vertebrae were examined in the present study. The study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi. Results: Mean length of the SAF of Atlas vertebrae on right side was found to be 21.35 mm and 20.27 mm on left side. Mean width of right SAF was 11.48 mm and 11.12 mm on the left side. A statistically significant difference of 0.047 was observed in mean length of SAF of right and left sides of the Atlas vertebrae . Mean length of the IAF of Atlas vertebrae on right side was 15.80 mm and 16.03 mm on left side. Mean width of right IAF side was 15.1 mm whereas 15.05 mm on the left side. Conclusions: Familiarity with the morphological variations and morphometric details of the first two cervical vertebrae is of paramount significance for Radiologists, Orthopedic surgeons and Neurosurgeons. Precise information pertaining to morphometric details of the first two cervical vertebrae enhances the accuracy of screw fixation and prevents inadvertent injuries to neurovascular structures Keywords: Atlas, Superior Articular Facet, Inferior Articular Facet