Morphometric differentiation between placenta in PIH and normal pregnancy

Abstract

Background: Placenta is like a diary of gestational life. It is the vital organ for developing fetus, and it is also the most accessible organ of human body. Pregnancy complications such as hypertension, diabetes, and anemia are reflected in a significant way. Placental examination is helpful to plan a safe pregnancy and a healthy baby outcome at its end. Objective: To study morphometric differences of placenta in normal pregnancy and pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH). Materials and Methods: A total of 100 placentas (50 from normal pregnancy and 50 from PIH group) were collected. Parameters such as weight, volume, thickness, diameter, and area were noted and their means were calculated. These parameters were divided into different ranges. From the weight of the baby and that of the placenta, fetoplacental weight ratio and placental coefficient were calculated. Results: The mean placental weight, area, volume, diameter, and thickness were lower in the PIH group. Weight, volume, area, diameter, and thickness in control group range from 420 to 560 g, 380 to 550 cc, 204.4 to 346 cm2, 17 to 21 cm, 1.7 to 2.3 cm, respectively, and those in PIH group range from 200 to 510 g, 190 to 500 cc, 132.7 to 247.3 cm2, 13 to 18 cm, and 1.2 to 2 cm, respectively. Conclusion: The range of morphometric parameters is comparatively lower in PIH group than in control group. The mean birth weight and fetoplacental weight ratio is higher in control group. The placental coefficient was significantly higher in PIH group.