Morphometric Analysis of Dry Human Patella and Patellar Facets.

Sameen Taj,Zareena Begum,Vandana Kaveripakkam,Priya Dharshini,Karthikeyan Gurusamy,Gunapriya Raghunath

doi:10.7759/cureus.22879

Abstract

BackgroundThe patella is also known as the kneecap. It lies in front of the knee joint and protects the joint from damage. It is the largest sesamoid bone in the body and is embedded within the quadriceps tendon. The morphometry of the patella is crucial in forensic analysis, designing of implants, and subsequent reconstruction procedures in the knee as it is a sesamoid bone, without periosteum, whereby the natural healing process becomes difficult. The dimensions of the implant are very crucial for a successful knee replacement procedure. This study aims to provide a comprehensive morphometric analysis of the patella and further compare the same between right and left-sided patella specimens.MethodologyIn total, 50 dry patella specimens, with 26 left-sided specimens and 24 right-sided specimens, were obtained for the study from the Department of Anatomy, Saveetha Medical College, Chennai. The parameters analyzed in the study included height, width, the thickness of the patella, length and width of the articular facets on medial and lateral aspects, and central ridge length.ResultsThe morphometric analysis showed the mean height, width, and thickness of patella specimens were 4.07 cm, 4.12 cm, and 2.03 cm, respectively. The dimensions of the articular facet on the lateral aspect were found to show statistical variation compared to the dimensions of the medial articular facet, where p-values of <0.05 were taken as statistically significant. Based on Koyunco’s Classification, 92% of patella specimens were of Type B.ConclusionsThe morphometric analysis of the patella in this study can be helpful in designing implants for reconstruction and for treating orthopedics in patellar reconstruction and fixation procedures.

Highlights

The patella is the largest sesamoid bone that increases the lever arm and thereby facilitates a 50% increase in quadriceps strength in the extensor apparatus of the knee [1]
The dimensions of the articular facet on the lateral aspect were found to show statistical variation compared to the dimensions of the medial articular facet, where p-values of
The morphometric analysis of the patella in this study can be helpful in designing implants for reconstruction and for treating orthopedics in patellar reconstruction and fixation procedures

Summary

Introduction

The patella is the largest sesamoid bone that increases the lever arm and thereby facilitates a 50% increase in quadriceps strength in the extensor apparatus of the knee [1]. An odd small facet in the patellar medial border is separated by a narrow strip. The patella was classified into three categories based on the medial and lateral articular facet width and their curvatures by Wiberg et al [4]. The patella is known as the kneecap It lies in front of the knee joint and protects the joint from damage. It is the largest sesamoid bone in the body and is embedded within the quadriceps tendon. The morphometry of the patella is crucial in forensic analysis, designing of implants, and subsequent reconstruction procedures in the knee as it is a sesamoid bone, without periosteum, whereby the natural healing process becomes difficult. This study aims to provide a comprehensive morphometric analysis of the patella and further compare the same between right and left-sided patella specimens

Objectives

Methods

Conclusion