Morphometric analysis of blood vessels in chronic experimental spinal cord injury: Hypervascularity and recovery of function

Abstract

A model of spinal cord trauma in guinea pigs, based on compression to a set thickness, was described previously. Compression injuries of the lower thoracic cord were produced in 11 anesthetized, adult guinea pigs, and the outcome monitored, using successive behavioral tests and morphometry of the lesion at 2–3 months. This report describes changes in the vascularity of the spinal cord, based on light microscopic analysis of 1 μm plastic transverse sections through the center of the lesion. Mean blood vessel density in these lesions was approximately twice that found in equivalent regions of normal, uninjured spinal cords, and hypervascularity of the white matter extended at least four spinal cord segments cranially and caudally from the lesion center. Capillary diameter distribution was significantly shifted to larger values and large perivascular spaces surrounded most capillaries and pre- and post-capillary vessels. Extent of hypervascularity was not correlated with the overall severity of the injury, but there was a significant positive correlation between the density of blood vessels in the outer 400 μm of the white matter and secondary loss of neurological function below the lesion, seen between one day and eight weeks after injury. This suggests that hypervascularization of the lesion is related to secondary pathological mechanisms in spinal cord injury, possibly inflammatory responses, that are relatively independent of the primary mechanical injury but more closely connected with loss and recovery of function.