Morphometric Analysis and Characterization for Sub-watershed Delineation in Gomukhi River Basin of Villupuram District, Tamilnadu Using GIS

Abstract

In India is developing country and back bone of the India economy is agricultural activities. The most of Indian agricultural practices involved into river irrigation system. Rivers water flow in northern India is perennial system but south India rivers non-perennial system. The most of the district of Tamilnadu are affected by drought in the every year, so that need for the scientific way of watershed planning and management. The water resources are important for the human life, to conserve the water resources for future generation. The drainage basins, catchments and sub catchments are the fundamental units for administrative purposes to conserve natural resources. The catchment management concept recognizes the interrelationships among the linkages between uplands, low lands, land use, geomorphology, slope and soil. The Planning of sub watershed and prioritization is indispensable for sustainable development, particularly in the drought prone areas. The Morphometric characterization is important to recognize hydrological behavior of the basin for carrying out management strategies of the river basin. The Gomukhi river basins located in the Kalvarayan hills of Villupuram district in Tamilnadu state total area covered about 1122.67 km2. The 69 sub watershed was delineated and each sub-watershed morphometric analysis like, bifurcation ratio, stream length, drainage density, stream frequency, form factor, elongation ratio, circularity ratio, constant of channel maintenance, length of overland flow, drainage texture, relief ratio, total stream length, mean stream length, stream length ratio, basin length, basin parameter, basin area, Compactness constant was calculated, these parameters was computed through geo-statistical techniques for identifying critical and priority sub-watersheds. The Sub-watershed was classified into very high, high, medium, and poor priority zones. There illustrate that 56.15% of sub watersheds are very high susceptible zones, which shows potential sub-watershed area for preferential conservation works planning and management.