Morphology of the keratin filament network in palm and sole skin: evidence for site-dependent features based on stereological analysis.

Abstract

Ridged or glabrous skin of palms and soles has a specialized function and can be preferentially involved in various disorders of keratinization. To better define the morphological features of ridged skin, we carried out a qualitative and quantitative (stereological) analysis of normal epidermis from the palm and sole of four subjects. Skin from the upper arm was examined for control purposes. The study focused on the appearance and arrangement of the keratin filament network in relation to epidermal differentiation. Whereas palm and sole epidermis was essentially similar both qualitatively and quantitatively, it differed markedly from the epidermis from the arm. The volume density of keratin filaments was significantly higher (P < 0.03) in all subcorneal layers of the palm and sole compared with the arm. The volume density of the keratin filaments increased markedly from the basal to the upper spinous layer of ridged skin and they formed denser aggregates in the upper spinous and granular layers, providing an extensive matrix for the deposition of keratohyalin. The presence of dense keratin aggregates appeared to be a distinct ultrastructural feature of human ridged skin. Such keratin aggregates have not been described in normal skin from other sites, but showed some resemblance to the keratin clumps seen in non-ridged skin of patients with the Dowling-Meara form of epidermolysis bullosa simplex.