Morphology of hemipenes and its taxonomic implication in the fused eyelids species of the genus Ablepharus (Squamata: Scincidae)

Abstract

The representatives of the genus Ablepharus Fitzinger, 1824 have not been studied in detail from a morphological and taxonomic perspective. The morphology of hemipenes of 14 taxa of the fused eyelids species of the genus was studied. Manual eversion and inflation with absolute ethanol was used for preparation of the organs. The results indicate that the Ablepharus hemipenes show little variation in general shape and main structures: all hemipenes are deeply bifurcated, without large external calcified or keratinous spines or similar structures. Based on hemipenial morphology, the studied taxa can be separated into two clades: 1) with long, slender and 2) with short, robust lobes of the hemipenis. The morphology of this structure demonstrates close relationships between the fused eyelids ablepharine skinks, points out unresolved taxonomic problems, and shows general congruence with available molecular phylogenies. Hemipenial characteristics appear to be a useful tool for the identification of the species within the genus. Problems associated with the real taxonomic status of the Ablepharus budaki anatolicus paratypes and the distribution of other taxa are discussed. The morphology of the hemipenis of the family Scincidae and the related, inconsistent use of terminology are also commented on.