Abstract
Porous polymers have been synthesized by an aza-Michael addition reaction of a multi-functional acrylamide, N,N′,N″,N‴-tetraacryloyltriethylenetetramine (AM4), and hexamethylene diamine (HDA) in H2O without catalyst. Reaction conditions, such as monomer concentration and reaction temperature, affected the morphology of the resulting porous structures. Connected spheres, co-continuous monolithic structures and/or isolated holes were observed on the surface of the porous polymers. These structures were formed by polymerization-induced phase separation via spinodal decomposition or highly internal phase separation. The obtained porous polymers were soft and flexible and not breakable by compression. The porous polymers adsorbed various solvents. An AM4-HDA porous polymer could be plated by Ni using an electroless plating process via catalyzation by palladium (II) acetylacetonate following reduction of Ni ions in a plating solution. The intermediate Pd-catalyzed porous polymer promoted the Suzuki-Miyaura cross coupling reaction of 4-bromoanisole and phenylboronic acid.
Highlights
We report the synthesis of porous polymers by the aza-Michael addition reaction of commercial available compounds N,N 0,N 00,N 000 -tetraacryloyltriethylenetetramine (AM4)
We report the synthesis of porous polymers by the aza-Michael addition reaction of commercial available compounds N,N′,N′′,N′′′-tetraacryloyltriethylenetetraand hexamethylene diamine (HDA)
An increase of the monomer concentration to 30 wt %, I-30w-90d, widened the diameter range of the holes (2.1–52.0 μm) in the resultant porous polymers, as shown in Figure 2f and Figure S2f. One explanation for these results is that the intermediate AM4-HDA polymer network would behave like an emulsifier, and the holes in the porous polymers should be derived from highly internal phase emulsion (HIPE) [75], as illustrated in Scheme 2b
Summary
1,6-Hexanediamine (HDA, Fujifilm film Corporation (Tokyo, Japan), and used as received. 1,6-Hexanediamine (HDA, FujiWako Pure Chemical Industries, Osaka, Japan) was commercially obtained, and used as film Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Osaka, Japan) was commercially obtained, and used received. Chemical Industries), and hydrochloric acid (Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., Tokyo, Japan) were. Industries), and hydrochloric acid (Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., Tokyo, Japan) were comcommercially obtained and used as received. Palladium(II) acetylacetonate (Pd(acac)[2], Tokyo ChemiChemical Industry Co. Ltd.), CO2 (99.99%, Nippon Tansan Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) and cal Industry Co. Ltd.), CO2 (99.99%, Nippon Tansan Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) and polyoxpolyoxyethylene lauryl ether (Tokyo Chemical Industry Co. Ltd.) were was commercially yethylene lauryl ether (Tokyo Chemical Industry Co. Ltd.) were was commercially obobtained.
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