Abstract
Dead twigs of <italic>Aquilaria sinensis</italic> (Thymelaeaceae) with fungal fruiting bodies were collected from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China. After initial morphological observations, an interesting fungus which morphologically resembled <italic>Peroneutypa</italic> was isolated. Molecular phylogeny of combined ITS and tub2 showed our fungal collection<italic/> is<italic/> phylogenetically closely related to <italic>P. mackenziei</italic>. However, in morphology, our fungal collection is distinct from <italic> P. mackenziei</italic> in having an ostiolar canal without periphyses and the absence of paraphyses. Based on unique morphological characteristics and multigene phylogenetic analyses results, our fungal isolate is described in this paper as <italic>Peroneutypa aquilariae</italic> sp. nov. In addition, this is the first report of the genus <italic>Peroneutypa</italic> from the host <italic>A</italic>.<italic> sinensis</italic>. Full description, illustrations, and a phylogenetic tree to show the placement of the new species are provided. A synoptic table of morphological characteristics in <italic>Peroneutypa</italic> reported worldwide is also provided.
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